What Is Ether?As we explored in “What is Ethereum?“, Ethereum aims to function both as a kind of decentralized internet and a decentralized app store, supporting a new type of application (a “dapp”) in the process.
But while no one owns Ethereum, the system that supports this functionality isn’t free. Rather, the network needs “ether,” a unique piece of code that can be used to pay for the computational resources needed to run an application or program.
Like bitcoin, ether is a digital bearer asset (similar to a security, like a bond, issued in physical form). Just like cash, it doesn’t require a third party to process or approve a transaction.
But instead of operating as a digital currency or payment, ether seeks to provide “fuel” for the decentralized apps on the network.
While this might sound complicated, you can think of a more concrete example of how tokens might power a user experience.
Let’s go back to the example of a decentralized online notebook. To post, delete or modify a note, you need to pay a transaction fee in ether to get the network to process the change.
In this way, ether has sometimes been called “digital oil.” Taking this analogy further, Ethereum transaction fees are calculated based on how much “gas” the action requires.
Each action costs an amount of gas that’s based on the computational power required and how long it takes to run. A transaction might cost 500 gas, for example, which is paid in ether.
As an economic system, the rules for ether’s economy are a bit open-ended. While bitcoin has a hard cap of 21 million bitcoins, ether does not have a similar limit.
Of the ether that does exist, 60 million was purchased by users in a 2014 crowdfunding campaign.
Another 12 million ether went to the Ethereum Foundation, a group of researchers and developers working on the underlying technology. Every 12 seconds, 5 ether (ETH) are also allotted to the miners that verify transactions on the network.
At most, 18 million ether are mined per year. Five ether are created roughly every 12 seconds, whenever a miner discovers a block, or a bundle of transactions.
Ethereum 2.0, a major upgrade to the protocol set to be implemented in December 2020, will change in the rules of ether creation, and thus the mining subsidy might decrease.
Block mining is the process of attaching new transaction records as blocks to the blockchain. In the process – using bitcoin as an example – new bitcoins get produced, adding to the total number of coins in circulation. Mining requires a specific piece of software that is used to solve mathematical puzzles, and this validates the legitimate transactions which make up blocks. These blocks get added to the public ledger (blockchain) about every 10 minutes. As the software solves transactions the miner is rewarded with a set amount of bitcoins. The faster a miner’s hardware can process the mathematical problem, the more likely it is to validate a transaction and earn the bitcoin reward. The main cryptocurrenciespower, the industrial utility of gold, or the robustness of Bitcoin's codebase can help reinforcebitcoin 10000
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